General Biology 2 Lab Practical Review
Part 1:
Animals
The
following is a study guide for the biology practical review that concerns the
Kingdom Animalia. Taxonomy is heavily involved. Pictures with details as to what
you need to know for the practical scheduled nearing final exams.
Kingdom Animalia
Characteristics of Phylum
Porifera:
-**They have pores
-Are marine
-Some live in fresh water or
the ocean
-Non-motile, meaning they are "attached"
-They filter
feed
-Asymmetrical (radial)
-Diploblastic containing 2 germ layers:
endoderm and ectoderm
-Reproduce sexually and asexually
-Have collar cells
(choanocytes)
-Possess spicule - make up the skeleton
-Have one
opening
Cell level organization
Examples in Phylum Porifera: bath sponge, finger
sponge, basket sponge, grantia
Bath
Sponge
Phylum Porifera
Kingdom Animalia
Finger
Sponge
Phylum Porifera
Kingdom Animalia
Basket
Sponge
Phylum Porifera
Kingdom Animalia
Grantia
Phylum
Porifera
Kingdom Animalia
Know the
drawings of the three types of cells: collar cell "choanocyte", amoebocyte
"wandering cell", and epidermal cell "epidermis."
Characteristics of Phylum Coelenterata (Cnidaria)
-Live
in ocean water
-Radial symmetry
-Diploblastic
-**Possess stinging cells
(nematocysts)
-Possess alternations of generations---> sex ---> asex
---> sex ---> asex---> & continues. Occurs in all classes except in
class Anthozoa
-Asexual= attached -->polyp (non-motile)
-Sexual= free
swimming ---> medusa
-Extracellular digestion
Tissue
level organization
Class Hydrozoa
Examples of the Hydrozoa
class would be Hydra, Obelia, and Portugese Man-O-War. View Obelia and
Hydra through the microscope. Portuguese Man-of-War is on this
page.
Portuguese
Man-O-War
Class Hydrozoa
Phylum Coelenterata
Kingdom
Animalia
Class Scyphozoa
Example of the class
Scyphozoa would be the Jellyfish.
Jellyfish
Class
Scyphozoa
Phylum Coelenterata
Kingdom Animalia
Class Anthozoa
Examples of the class
Anthozoa would include the sea fan, sea anemone, and the coral.
Sea
fan
Class Anthozoa
Phylum Colenterata
Kingdom
Animalia
Sea
anemone
Class Anthozoa
Phylum Coelenterata
Kingdom
Animalia
Coral--->Sometimes
called stag horn coral
Class Anthozoa
Phylum Coelenterata
Kingdom
Animalia
Brain
Coral
Class Anthozoa
Phylum Coelenterata
Kingdom
Animalia
Organ
Pipe Coral
Class Anthozoa
Phylum Coelenterata
Kingdom
Animalia
Characteristics to the Phylum
Platyhelminthes---> Flat Worms
-Bilateral
Symmetry
-Triploblastic
-**Flattened dorso ventrally
-**Excretory
system with flame cells (protonephridia)
-Most forms are parasitic
-Most
species are hermaphroditic-male and female sex organs present
3 classes to
know:
An example to class Turbellaria is the
Planaria.
Examples to the Class Trematoda, which
are parasitic, are flukes & liver flukes.
Sheep
Liver Fluke
Class Trematoda
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Kingdom
Animalia
Examples of Class
Cestoda, which are parasitic, are the tapeworms.
Tape
worm
Class Cestoda
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Kingdom
Animalia
Tape
worm
Class Cestoda
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Kingdom
Animalia
Flatworm (Platyhelminthes)
Pictures & Labeling
Characteristics to the Phylum
Nemathelminthes---> Round Worms
-Tube within a tube body
plan
-**Pseudocoelom present
-Bilateral
Symmetry
-Triploblastic
-**Non metameric (no segments)
-Dieocious- male
or female sex organs present
Horse
Hair Round Worm
Phylum Nemathelminthes
Kingdom
Animalia
Ascaris
(Round worm)
"Identify it as Ascaris in lab practical."
Phylum
Nemathelminthes
Kingdom Animalia
Characteristics of
Phylum Annelida-->The Segmented Worms
-tube within a tube body
plan
-live in water and on land
-**Segmented with repetitive
parts
-bilateral symmetry
-triploblastic
-several well developed
systems
digestive
nervous
excretory
circulatory
reproductive
Examples
in the Phylum Annelida include the Earthworm, Leech, Sandworm (Clamworm), and
Lugworm.
Earthworm
Phylum
Annelida
Kingdom Animalia
Leech
Phylum
Annelida
Kingdom Animalia
Sandworm
or Clamworm
Phylum Annelida
Kingdom Animalia
Lug
worm
Phylum Annelida
Kingdom Animalia
The
earthworm model will be part of the lab practical. There are specific parts to
its anatomy that must be studied. I am able to show you the labels in the
pictures of the earthworm model. It is recommended that you view the earthworm
model before seeing the pictures, just so that you will get an idea of what you
are looking at. Also study your drawings in the lab manual. It might come in
handy.
Click to see the
Characteristics of the Phylum Mollusca--Soft Body
Animals
-**A soft body usually covered by a dorsal calcareous
shell.
-**A broad flat muscular foot, located ventrally which can be used for
locomotion.
-Has a mantle to protect the visceral mass
Examples of the
phylum Mollusca include Chiton, Snails, Slugs (without shells), clams, mussels,
oysters, octopus (without shell), squid (without shell), chamber nautilus,
conch, abalone
Chiton
Phylum
Mollusca
Kingdom Animalia
Snail
Phylum
Mollusca
Kingdom Animalia
Slugs
(w/out shells)
Phylum Mollusca
Kingdom Animalia
Tooth
Shells
Phylum Mollusca
Kingdom Animalia
Clams
Phylum
Mollusca
Kingdom Animalia
Mussels
Phylum
Mollusca
Kingdom Animalia
Oysters
Phylum
Mollusca
Kingdom Animalia
Octopus
(w/out shell)
Phylum Mollusca
Kingdom Animalia
Squid
(w/out shell)
Phylum Mollusca
Kingdom Animalia
Chamber
Nautilus
Phylum Mollusca
Kingdom Animalia
Conch
Phylum
Mollusca
Kingdom Animalia
Abalone
Phylum
Mollusca
Kingdom Animalia
The
mussel model will be part of the lab practical. There are specific parts to its
anatomy that must be studied. I am able to show you the labels in the pictures
of the mussel model. It is recommended to see the model first before viewing
these pictures, just to get an idea of what you are looking at. Also study your
drawings in the lab manual. It might come in handy.
Click to see the
General Biology 2 Lab Practical Mussel
Model
Characteristics of the Phylum
Arthropoda
-**Joint footed
-Body is segment
-Exoskeleton (made of
chiton)
-Specialized mouth parts
-Simple (single image)/compound (multiple
images) eyes
-Gas exchange (Respiration)
-Excretory
glands
Class Crustacea
characteristics:
-Includes all characteristics of phylum
arthropoda
-**2 body segments (cephalothorax & abdomen)
-**4 pairs of
walking legs
-gills for respiration (marine)
-Green glands for
excretion
Examples of the class Crustacea include
the Lobster, Crayfish, Shrimp, Crab, and Sow bug (common called roli
poli)
Lobster
Class
Crustacea
Phylum Arthropoda
Kingdom Animalia
Crayfish
Class
Crustacea
Phylum Arthropoda
Kingdom Animalia
The crayfish
model will be part of the lab practical. There are specific parts to its anatomy
that must be studied. I am able to show you the labels in the pictures of the
crayfish model. It is recommended to see the model first before viewing these
pictures, just to get an idea of what you are looking at. Also study your
drawings in the lab manual. It might come in handy.
See this lab model
link
The Crayfish Model Parts To Know
Mantis
Shrimp and a Shrimp
Class Crustacea
Phylum Arthropoda
Kingdom
Animalia
Blue
Crab
Class Crustacea
Phylum Arthropoda
Kingdom
Animalia
An example to the class
Chilopoda is the Centipede.
The
Centipede
Class Chilopoda
Phylum Arthropoda
Kingdom
Animalia
An example to the class
Diplopoda is the Millipede.
The
Millipede
Class Diplopoda
Phylum Arthropoda
Kingdom
Animalia
Characteristics of the Class
Insecta:
-**3 body segment (head, thorax, and abdomen)
-3 pairs of
walking legs
-Respire by trachea
-Diecious
-**Excrete through
malphigian tubules
Examples of the class Insecta
include the Grasshopper, Flies, Bees, Wasps, Hornets, Butterfly, Beetles,
Praying Mantis, and Waterbug.
Grasshopper
Class
Insecta
Phylum Arthropoda
Kingdom
Animalia
The grasshopper model will be part of
the lab practical. There are specific parts to its anatomy that must be studied.
I am able to show you the labels in the pictures of the grasshopper model. It is
recommended to see the model first before viewing these pictures, just to get an
idea of what you are looking at. Also study your drawings in the lab manual. It
might come in handy.
See this lab model link
General Biology 2 Grasshopper Model
Beetle
Class
Insecta
Phylum Arthropoda
Kingdom Animalia
The
Praying Mantis
Class Insecta
Phylum Arthropoda
Kingdom
Animalia
The
Waterbug
Class Insecta
Phylum Arthropoda
Kingdom
Animalia
Examples of the class
Arachnida are the Spiders, Ticks, Scorpions, and Brown Recluse
(spider).
Spider
Class
Arachnida
Phylum Arthropoda
Kingdom Animalia
Scorpion
Class
Arachnida
Phylum Arthropoda
Kingdom Animalia
An example of the class Xiphoneura would be Horseshoe
Crabs.
The
Horse Shoe Crabs
Class Xiphoneura
Phylum Arthropoda
Kingdom
Animalia
Characteristics of the Phylum
Echninodermata:
-Pentaradially symmetry
-All live in water (marine)
ocean
-Possess a water vascular system (madreporite)
-Spiny
Skin
Examples in the phylum Echinodermata are Starfish (sea star),
Brittle star, Sand Dollar, Sea Urchin, and Sea cucumber.
The
Starfish
Phylum Echinodermata
Kingdom Animalia
Leather
Star
Phylum Echinodermata
Kingdom Animalia
The
Brittle Star
Phylum Echinodermata
Kingdom Animalia
Sand
Dollar
Phylum Echinodermata
Kingdom Animalia
Sea
Urchin
Phylum Echinodermata
Kingdom Animalia
Sea
Cucumber
Phylum Echinodermata
Kingdom
Animalia
Study the exterior anatomy of the
starfish on page 195 of your lab manual(bottom picture).
Click Link Below
General Biology 2 Animal Kingdom
Continues
General Biology 2 Lab Practical Review Plant Kingdom
Finalized August 1,
2001
Contact Dr. Billy Williams at BWilliams@dscc.edu.