General Biology 2 Plant Kingdom Slides Information

The following slides and information are of the plant
Polytrichum
Class Musci
Division Bryophyta
Kingdom Plantae.


This is Polytrichum
Can't tell the sex



Polytrichum
Male-has crowns
Gametophyte Generation
Chromosome # of 1N
Class Musci
Division Bryophyta
Kingdom Plantae



Cross Section of Male Crown from previous slide
Antheridium of Male Polytrichum (for identification of slide) However you can not tell what plant produced an antheridium.
Chromosome # of 1N
Gametophyte Generation



Sperm of Polytrichum (Identification of slide)
You can not tell where a plant sperm comes from because other plants have this similar sperm shape.
Chromosome # of 1N
Gametophyte Generation



Female Polytrichum
No crowns
Gametophyte Generation
Class Musci
Division Bryophyta



Cross section of female Polytrichum
Archegonia (for slide identification)
Chromosome # of 1N
Gametophyte Generation
This slide shows an egg



Sperm of Polytrichum twisting to trap the zygote and not allow other sperms to pass through to the female archegonia



Polytrichum Sporophyte Growth (Charted)
Shows the Calyptera - 1N
Capsule, Foot, & Seta - 2N
The sporophyte is attached to the female gametophyte


Polytrichum
This slide shows a gold to red in color



Sporophyte Capsule Polytrichum Cross Section
Chromosome # of 2N
Has Spore Mother Cells - 2N
Has a Calyptera - 1N




Polytrichum Spore - 1N
Gametophyte Generation



Polytrichum Protonema from its spore via mitosis



Cross section of the stem of Polytrichum (Remember no true stem) in Division Bryophyta. They don't have true stems.




The following slides refer to
Marchantia
Class Hepatica
Division Bryophyta
Kingdom Plantae


Marchantia
No true leaves
Class Hepatica
Division Bryophyta
Kingdom Plantae



Marchantia's Gemmae Cup
The cup is used for asexual reproduction



Marchantia's Gemmae Cup Cross Section
Note the Rhizoids that anchor it. There are no true roots
The Rhizoids are 1N



Male Marchantia
They are 1N in chromosomes
This has Antheridiophores, which have stalks (1N), and antheridial disks (1N)
Class Hepatica
Division Bryophyta
Kingdom Plantae



This is a cross section of the antheridial disk
Antheridia
The dark structures are Antheridium
Chromosome number of 1N
Gametophyte Generation
Each antheridia produces sperm



Sperm of Marchantia (To identify the slide)
Remember you are unable to tell the plant that this sperm belongs to.
The sperm on the slide are 1N
Gametophyte Generation



Archegoniophores
Marchantia
Female
1N Chromosome
Gametophyte Generation
Has an Archegonial Disk - 1N
and stalk



Marchantia
Archegonia
1 of them are mature
1N in Chromosome #
Gametophyte Generation
Egg - 1N, in gametophyte generation



Zygote of Marchantia
This is 2N in chromosome #



This is an Embryo of Marchantia
Chromosome # of 2N



Sporophyte of Marchantia
Chromosome # of 2N
There are three parts: foot (2N), seta (2N), capsule (2N)
Calyptera is present - 1N
In the capsule, there are Spore Mother Cells, which are 2N in chromosome #, and are in the Sporophyte Generation.



Tetrads of Spores of Marchantia
Female Marchantia with Sporophyte
1N in Chromosome formed from meiosis from the Spore Mother Cell
Have Elaters (1N) to spring out the spores (for spore distribution)



A slide of Marchantia demonstrating spore explosion (see yellow spores), expelling from the Spore Mother Cell to the ground





The following slides come from the
Psilotum
Subdivision Psilopsida
Division Tracheophyta
Kingdom Plantae



This is Psilotum
Common name - whisk fern
However, "it is not a fern."
Sporangeophyte Generation-->2N chromosome #
Small leaves are present
True stems
Anchored in the ground by a true root
Round structures are called sporangia, which are 2N in chromosome #.


Cross section of Psilotum Sporangia
Sporangium are present with spore mother cells, both are 2N in chromosome #
Know that it is Psilotum
from Subdivision Psilopsida
Division Tracheophyta
Kingdom Plantae




The following slides come from the
Lycopodium
Subdivision Lycopsida
Division Tracheophyta
Kingdom Plantae


Lycopodium - club moss or ground pine "Not a moss, and not a pine."
Subdivision Lycopsida
Division Tracheophyta
Kingdom Plantae
"The clubs are 2N. The clubs are made of segments called sporangia - 2N."




The following slides come from the
Equisetum
Subdivision Sphenopsida
Division Tracheophyta
Kingdom Plantae


Underground stem with Root of
Equisetum - Horse Tail (for slide identification)
Subdivision Sphenopsida
Division Tracheophyta
Kingdom Plantae
Only occurs in sporophyte generation - 2N
Only occurs in division Tracheophyta - 2N


Equisetum
Subdivision Sphenopsida
Division Tracheophyta
Kingdom Plantae
Strobilus present
"Fertile Shoot"
White bands of leaves
Sporophyte Generation - 2N


Sporangiophore of Equisetum
Hanging series of sporangia


Cross section of an Equisetum sporangiophore
Inside sporangia are spore mother cells, which are 2N
Going under meiosis to change chromosome number to 1N


Equisetum
Spore
1N in chromosome number


Equisetum
Spores with elaters present
Elaters disperse (spreadout) spores
Spores are 1N, and grow by mitosis into a gametophyte


Equisetum gametophyte


Equisetum Gametophyte - 1N
Each dark spot represents an antheridia or archegonia




The following slides pertain:
Polypodium (Fern)
Class Felicinae
Subdivision Pteropsida
Division Tracheophyta
Kingdom Plantae



Curled Fronds (Crozier) or fiddle heads
Class Felicinae
Subdivision Pteropsida
Division Tracheophyta
Kingdom Plantae


Underground stem with roots, Rhizome (2N)
Fern
Class Felicinae
Subdivision Pteropsida
Division Tracheophyta
Kingdom Plantae


Sori (2N)
Fern
Class Felicinae
Subdivision Pteropsida
Division Tracheophyta
Kingdom Plantae


Cross section of a Sorus (2N)
Induseum (2N) protecting the sorus
Frond (2N) and Sporangium (2N) also present
Fern
Class Felicinae
Subdivision Pteropsida
Division Tracheophyta
Kingdom Plantae


Stalk, annulus, and spore mother cells (2N)
Fern
Class Felicinae
Subdivision Pteropsida
Division Tracheophyta
Kingdom Plantae


Spores (1N) after going under meiosis
Fern
Class Felicinae
Subdivision Pteropsida
Division Tracheophyta
Kingdom Plantae